This article is part of a series about how you can plot a novel.
While researching story structure for my first novel, I came across Kishōtenketsu. This story structure is unique because it uses a four-act structure instead of the more common three-act structure. This narrative framework, popular in East Asia, offers an interesting way to tell a story without relying on a big, dramatic climax, focusing instead on smooth transitions and a powerful “aha!” moment.
Let’s break it down into its four acts:
Ki (Introduction): Setting the Scene
This is where you lay the groundwork. Introduce your characters, the setting, and what’s generally going on. Think of it like the opening credits of your favorite show–it sets the vibe and gives you enough info to get hooked.
Example: Imagine a peaceful village nestled by a forest, where a young blacksmith named Hiro lives a quiet life, forging tools for his neighbors.
Shō (Development): The Story Unfolds
Now things start moving! The plot progresses, and your characters encounter challenges or conflicts. It’s about building on that initial foundation and adding more detail to the world you’ve created.
Example: One day, strange whispers spread through the village about a mysterious light seen deep within the forest, and some villagers become ill. Hiro, being curious and kind, investigates.
Ten (Twist): The Game Changer!
This is where Kishōtenketsu truly shines! It’s not a climax, but a sudden, unexpected turn of events. It completely shifts your perspective and creates a delightful surprise. It could be a revelation, a change in fortune, or just something totally unexpected that changes everything you thought you knew.
Example: As Hiro ventures deeper into the forest, he doesn’t find a monster or a cure. Instead, he stumbles upon an ancient, abandoned shrine radiating a soft, warm light–and inside, a small, glowing crystal that hums with a gentle energy. The “illness” wasn’t a sickness, but a subtle weakening from the forest’s natural energy being slowly drained by something else, and the villagers were feeling the absence of this powerful, unseen energy.
Ketsu (Conclusion): Tying It All Up
Finally, the story concludes. The narrative fully explores the consequences of the twist, ties all loose ends, and achieves a satisfying resolution. This provides closure and a lasting impression.
Example: Hiro realizes the crystal is the source of the forest’s vitality. He carefully brings it back to the village, and as it rests within the community, the villagers slowly regain their strength, feeling more connected to the land than ever before. The “illness” fades, and the villagers now understand the delicate balance of their home.
Why It’s So Cool:
- Smooth Flow: Unlike some stories that feel like they’re building into one big explosion, Kishōtenketsu flows seamlessly. It’s like a gentle river with a sudden, beautiful waterfall.
- Emotional Punch: That “Ten” moment is designed to hit you right in the feels — surprise, intrigue, or even a bit of wonder. And the “Ketsu” then resolves those emotions.
- Super Flexible: You can use this structure for pretty much anything! From a short anecdote to a grand epic, Kishōtenketsu adapts to your storytelling needs.
So, next time you’re crafting a story, consider trying Kishōtenketsu. It might just be the unexpected twist your narrative needs!